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Unified theory of lightning proposed | |
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Gizmorama - Unified theory of lightning proposed
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Good Morning,
Let's get right to the articles today. I will publish
reader comments about April Fool's Day tomorrow. Thanks
to every one who wrote in!
Until Tomorrow,
Erin
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Study identifies cause of glaucoma
U.S. scientists said they have discovered a receptor's role as
a cause of certain eye diseases, including glaucoma. The
researchers at the Texas A&M University's Institute of
Biosciences and Technology said their finding might lead to
development of new eye disease treatments. "G-protein coupled
receptors (GPCRs) regulate a variety of physiological functions,
from vision, olfaction, taste and reproductive biology to
cardiovascular functions," said Professor Mingyao Liu, senior
author of the study. "GPCRs are the largest membrane receptor
family in the human genome. Our study focuses on Gpr48, a new
hormone receptor in animals and humans." The scientists found
Gpr48 plays an important role in anterior segment development
and is also key in various physiological functions throughout
the body. Deletion of the Gpr48 receptor in mice resulted in
various forms of anterior segment dysgenesis, including
microphthalmia (small eyes), iris hypoplasia (underdeveloped
iris), iridiocorneal angle malformation (irregular angle of
the iris and cornea), cornea dysgenesis (clouding of the cornea)
and cataracts. Future research could validate Gpr48 as a potential
therapeutic target, Liu said. The research is to appear in a
future issue of the Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences and is currently available at the journal's Web site.
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Unified theory of lightning proposed
U.S. researchers said they have used direct observation and
computer models to describe how different forms of lightning
are produced. Although 90 percent of lightning goes from cloud
to cloud, lightning also travels from cloud to ground and the
reverse, the scientists said. It can also travel from ground
to cloud, then sideways, finally striking the ground miles
from its origin. Pennsylvania State University and New Mexico
Institute of Mining and Technology researchers obtained detailed
pictures of lightning from a three-dimensional locating system
that maps lightning within clouds -- something that cannot be
done through photography or videography. Penn State graduate
student Jeremy Riousset, a member of the research team, said
the findings showed cloud-to-ground lightning develops "like
normal intracloud lightning before escaping the thundercloud
at upper levels and branching toward the ground." The researchers
also discovered that upward and sideward lightning occurred
shortly after a downward lightning strike, or when intracloud
lightning produced a charge imbalance in the cloud. "We are
proposing a self-consistent, unified theory of lightning
discharges inside and outside of clouds," said Professor
Victor Pasko of Penn state. The study is detailed in the
journal Nature Geoscience.
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NASA reschedules shuttle launch date
The U.S. space agency has announced a new launch date for
space shuttle Discovery and its STS-124 mission to the
International Space Station. National Aeronautics and Space
Administration controllers said the re-scheduling of the
May 25 launch to 5:01 p.m. EDT May 31 was necessitated by a
delay in the shipment of the shuttle's external fuel tank.
The shipment of the tank from NASA's Michoud Assembly Facility
in New Orleans to the Kennedy Space Center in Florida was
delayed by weather. Additionally, NASA said the rescheduling
avoids having the launch team work through the Memorial Day
weekend. Discovery's STS-124 mission -- NASA's 26th flight
to the ISS -- is the second of three flights that will deliver
components to complete the Japan space agency's Kibo laboratory
that will be the space station's largest science laboratory,
measuring 37 feet long and 14 feet in diameter. The shuttle
also will deliver the lab's robotic arm system that support
operations outside of Kibo. The lab's logistics module, which
was installed in a temporary location during STS-123 in March,
will be attached to the new lab.
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