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Gizmorama - Scientists are wary of lunar dust
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Good Morning,
TGIF! I hope you have enjoyed this weeks articles. To end
the week, I'm taking another informal poll and will post
responses next week... What gadget could you not live without
for a day? Let me know, Email me at gizmo@gophercentral.com.
Have a great weekend,
Erin
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Scientists are wary of lunar dust
U.S. National Space Biomedical Research Institute scientists
say they are studying the possible negative effects lunar dust
may have on visiting astronauts. NSBRI researchers Kim Prisk
and Chantal Darquenne are evaluating how long exposure to
deposits of the tiny particles of moon dust can affect an
astronaut's lungs in a reduced gravity environment. The
researchers say their findings will influence the design of
lunar bases and could also provide benefits for healthcare on
Earth, such as improved delivery of aerosol medications.
During the 1960s and 1970s Apollo lunar missions, dust particles
were easily transported via spacesuits into the lunar lander
following moonwalks, officials said. Although there were no
known illnesses due to exposure, scientists said lunar dust
is a concern because it has properties comparable to that of
fractured quartz -- a highly toxic substance. However, the
Apollo flights lasted only a few days. During the proposed
return to the moon, astronauts might be exposed to lunar dust
during missions that could last months. As for benefits on
Earth, the scientists said their findings might lead to a
better understanding of how the lungs work and how particles
distribute within the lungs.
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The molecule hydroxyl is detected on Venus
The European Space Agency said the molecule hydroxyl has been
detected on another planet for the first time by its Venus
Express spacecraft. The ESA said hydroxyl, an important but
difficult-to-detect molecule, consists of one hydrogen and
one oxygen atom. It was detected in the upper reaches of the
Venusian atmosphere, approximately 60 miles above the surface,
by Venus Express's Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging
Spectrometer, or VIRTIS. Scientists said the molecule was
discovered by turning the spacecraft away from the planet and
looking along the faintly visible layer of atmosphere
surrounding the planet's disc. The instrument detected the
hydroxyl molecules by measuring the amount of infrared light
they produce. Venus Express showed the amount of hydroxyl at
Venus is highly variable. It can change by 50 percent from
one orbit to the next, possibly caused by differing amounts
of ozone in the atmosphere. "Venus Express has already shown
us that Venus is much more Earth-like than once thought. The
detection of hydroxyl brings it a step closer," said one of
the principal investigators of the VIRTIS experiment,
Giuseppe Piccioni of The Institute of Astrophysics in Rome.
The discovery is detailed in the journal Astronomy &
Astrophysics Letters.
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Genes in mice act differently in humans
Although mice are used in medical research since they share 85
percent of their genes with humans, a U.S. study suggests
genes behave differently in mice. University of Michigan
evolutionary biologists Ben-Yang Liao and Associate Professor
Jianzhi Zhang said their findings have serious implications
for the use of mouse models in studying human disease.
"Everyone assumes deletion of the same gene in the mouse
and in humans produces the same phenotype," said Zhang. "Our
results show that may not always be the case." Zhang and
graduate student Liao focused their study on 120 so-called
essential genes which, through their effects on survival or
fertility, are necessary for organisms to reach sexual
maturity and reproduce. "To our surprise, 22 percent of the
120 human essential genes are non-essential in the mouse,"
Zhang said. "If our sample is unbiased, our results will have
some important implications," he said, noting people draw
inferences about gene function by using information from other
organisms. "We need to be careful doing this because … genes
may have different functions or different importance in
different species." The study appears in the Proceedings of
the National Academy of Sciences.
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