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HEALTH TIPS WEEKLY - Thursday, February 22, 2007
"News That Keeps You Healthy"
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Scientists identify yeast protein
BALTIMORE, -- U.S. scientists studying how yeast makes
cholesterol have identified a protein whose human counter-
part controls cholesterol production and metabolism. The
collaborative study was conducted by investigators at
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt
University, Indiana University and the Eli Lilly Co. "Dap1
controls the activity of a clinically important class of
enzymes required for cholesterol synthesis and drug metab-
olism," said Johns Hopkins Assistant Professor Peter
Espenshade. "We're excited because, although we originally
identified this protein in yeast, humans not only have the
same protein, but it works the same way." The search for
Dap1 began with the hunt for factors that influence the
actions of a large family of enzymes called cytochrome
P450. Those enzymes control many life-sustaining chemical
reactions in humans and other animals. "Understanding the
molecular underpinnings of so-called pharmacogenetic
variation will have a big impact on the future of
medicine," Espenshade said. The research appears in the
February issue of the journal Cell Metabolism.
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Chemo drug may hike tumor immunity
NEW YORK, -- U.S. scientists have discovered a chemotherapy
drug might enhance patients' immunity to tumors, helping
them to more effectively fight the disease. Rockefeller
University researchers have found that a chemotherapy drug
called bortezomib can kill multiple myeloma cells -- cancer
in immune cells in bone marrow -- in culture in such a way
that it elicits a response by memory and killer T cells.
Until recently it's been thought radiation therapy and
various forms of chemotherapy were separate but equal
treatments. Now, however, new research is beginning to
show it's not just killing the cancer cells that matters
-- it's also important as to how they are killed. A study
by Associate Rockefeller University Professor Madhav
Dhodapkar, postgraduate fellow Radek Spisek and col-
leagues shows bortezomib kills tumor cells in such a way
that it might allow the immune system to recognize them.
The study is detailed online in the journal Blood.
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New drugs show promise for prostate cancer
LOS ANGELES, -- U.S. oncologists say a new class of target-
ed anti-cancer drugs shows promise in prolonging the lives
of patients with recurrent prostate cancer. The research by
scientists at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles
show a molecular targeted compound called pertuzumab blocks
the human epidermal growth factor receptor family by bind-
ing to and inhibiting the function of HER2 receptors,
interrupting a key pathway that leads to cancer growth.
"Advanced prostate cancer is difficult to treat and the
drug therapies currently available to these patients have
not been very effective, especially in patients whose
disease has progressed after chemotherapy treatment," said
Dr. David Agus, principal investigator of the study. Agus
said the theory is that by significantly slowing pro-
gression of the cancer, patients will experience a good
quality of life for a longer period of time. "Ultimately,
we hope drugs like pertuzumab will help us reach the point
where cancer can be viewed as a lifetime disease to be
managed much like AIDS is looked at now," he added. "This
would be major shift from the current paradigm for cancer
treatment, and is a promising area of research." The
study appears in the Journal of Clinical Oncology.
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Scientists find origin of ulcer bacteria
CAMBRIDGE, England, -- A British-led team of international
scientists has discovered the bacteria causing stomach
ulcers has been present in humans for more than 60,000
years. The finding, say the researchers, not only furthers
the understanding of a disease causing bacteria but also
offers a new way to study the migration and diversifica-
tion of early humans. The scientists from the University
of Cambridge, the Max Planck Institute in Berlin and the
Hanover Medical School, compared DNA sequence patterns of
humans and the Helicobacter pylori bacteria known to cause
most stomach ulcers. They found the genetic differences
between human populations that arose as they dispersed
from Eastern Africa over thousands of years are mirrored
in H. pylori. Human DNA analysis has shown that along the
major land routes out of Africa human populations become
genetically isolated -- the further from Eastern Africa a
population is the more different genetically it is compar-
ed to other human populations. Other research has shown
gradual differences in European populations, presumed to
be the result of Neolithic farmers moving northwards. The
H. pylori research team found nearly the same genetic dis-
tribution patterns in their results. The study appears
in the journal Nature.
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Artificial cells may revolutionize therapy
PITTSBURGH, -- U.S. medical researchers predict artificial-
ly created cells might be a new therapeutic approach for
treating diseases in an ever-changing world. Carnegie
Mellon University's Philip LeDuc, an assistant professor
of mechanical and biomedical engineering, posits the ef-
ficacy of using man-made cells to treat diseases without
injecting drugs. "Our proposal is to use naturally avail-
able molecules to create pseudo-cell factories where we
create a super artificial cell capable of targeting and
treating whatever is ailing the body," said LeDuc. "The
human cell is like a bustling metropolis, and we aim to
tap the energy and diversity of the processes in a human
cell to help the body essentially heal itself." LeDuc and
his team want to use the cell's microscopic package of
tightly organized parts to improve medical treatments. For
example, he proposes using the processes in a cell, such
as the membrane, to create an enclosed functioning environ-
ment for a nanofactory. Then, by using other biologically
inspired processes such as molecular-binding and transport,
the pseudo-cell can target, modify and deliver chemicals
that the body needs to function properly. The novel pro-
posal appeared in the January edition of the journal
Nature Nanotechnology.
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Lack of sleep can affect learning
BOSTON, -- U.S. scientists have determined sleep depriva-
tion impairs memory for subsequent experiences by alter-
ing the function of the hippocampus. Sleep researchers
have known sleep occurring after an experience can be
critical to learning and memory but in the new study
Matthew Walker and colleagues at Harvard University
Medical School found sleep before an experience is also
critical for the normal functioning of memory systems.
The scientists deprived people of a night's sleep and
then asked them to observe and remember a large set of
picture slides for a subsequent recognition test. Follow-
ing a full night's sleep, the subjects were queried about
the slides. The researchers found sleep-deprived subjects
showed decreased activity in the hippocampus -- a brain
region important for memory -- relative to control sub-
jects who were not sleep-deprived while viewing the pic-
tures; sleep-deprived people also had poorer subsequent
recall abilities. The relationship of activation in other
brain areas to activation in the hippocampus was also
altered, suggesting sleep deprivation alters memory-encod-
ing strategies, the researchers reported. The study
appears in the March issue of the journal Nature Neuro-
science.
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GopherCentral's Question of the Week:
Is the recent non-binding resolution on Iraq that was passed
by the House meaningful?
Please take a moment to share your opinion, visit:
Question of the Week
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