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Gizmorama - Mature galaxies found in early cosmos
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Good Morning,
Thanks to everyone who wrote in with the websites that they
visit to keep up on the latest tech and science news. I will
publish a list tomorrow of some reader favorites. Keep sending
in suggestions to gizmo@gophercentral.com.
Until Tomorrow,
Erin
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Scientists produce magnetic nanoparticles
U.S. Department of Energy scientists reported synthesizing
magnetic nanoparticles that might be used for drug testing
and delivery. The researchers at the department's Ames
Laboratory in Iowa said the nanoparticles might also prove
valuable in magnetic inks, high-density memory devices or as
magnetic seals in motors. Commercial room-temperature synthesis
of ferromagnetic nanoparticles is difficult because the particles
form rapidly, resulting in agglomerated clusters of particles
with less than ideal crystalline and magnetic properties,
researchers said. And, as particles become smaller, their
magnetic properties also diminish. The scientists noted several
strains of bacteria produce magnetite (Fe3O4) -- fine, uniform
nanoparticles that have desirable magnetic properties. Such
magnetotactic bacteria use a protein to form crystalline
particles about 50 nanometers in size. These crystals are
bound by membranes to form chains of particles that the
bacteria use to orient themselves with the Earth's magnetic
field. The researchers mimicked the bacteria, eventually
producing the synthetic magnetic nanoparticles. The project
has been detailed in the journals ACSNano, Physical Review B
and Advanced Functional Materials.
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German lab to study space radiation risks
The European Space Agency has chosen Germany's GSI accelerator
facility to assess radiation risks that astronauts will be
exposed to on a Mars mission. The ESA said the GSI operates
an accelerator in Darmstadt, Germany, that is the only one
in Europe capable of creating ion beams similar to those
found in space. The ESA said the research will be designed
to examine the biological effects of ion beams on the human
genome, and to determine how those effects would manifest
themselves during a long period of time. The results of the
research could lead to development of optimized radiation
shields for space exploration, which are a prerequisite for
conducting safe missions to Mars. The ESA said. The first
experiments are expected to be conducted by the end of this
year.
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Mature galaxies found in early cosmos
British astronomers say they've determined fully evolved
galaxies existed 4 billion years after the birth of the
universe. The University of Nottingham-led researchers said
their finding challenges existing theories of the formation
and evolution of galaxies. The astronomers said they used the
most detailed infrared images of a portion of the sky ever made.
The images were taken by a United Kingdom Infra-Red Telescope
near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii, more than 13,000 feet
above sea level. Researchers used the images to estimate the
mass of dark matter surrounding the old galaxies by measuring
how closely the galaxies cluster. They said their calculations
indicate the mass of dark matter surrounding those galaxies is
more than 100 trillion times the mass of Earth's sun.
"Understanding how these enormous elliptical galaxies
formed is one of the biggest open questions in modern
astronomy and this is an important step in comprehending
their history," said doctoral student Will Hartley, who led
the study. Hartley and others presented the findings last
week in Belfast, Northern Ireland, during a Royal Astronomical
Society meeting.
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