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Gizmorama - Honey bees exploit their predecessors
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Good Morning,
Did you see the recently released statistic that 48% of
teenagers last year did not buy any music CDs? Do you still
purchase music CDs or have you converted to all digital?
Let me know.
Until Tomorrow,
Erin
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Honey bees exploit their predecessors
U.S. entomologists have discovered honey bees invade new
territories in repeated assaults and then benefit from the
genetic endowment of their predecessors. University of Illinois
Professor Charles Whitfield and postdoctoral researcher Amro
Zayed analyzed the genes of honey bees in Africa, Europe, Asia
and the Americas. The researchers were looking for tiny
variations in the sequences of nucleotides that make up all
genes. By comparing the genes in bees from different geographic
territories, the researchers determined invading bees weren't
randomly acquiring genetic material from their predecessors by
interbreeding but certain genes from the previously introduced
bees were giving the newcomers an advantage. When the African
honey bees mated with the western European honey bees that had
been in South America for centuries, one might expect the
hybrid offspring would randomly pick up both the functional
and non-functional parts of the genome, Zayed said.
"Those African bees are doing better because there were
western European honey bees there for them to mix with," he
said. "Now we can say we have a signature for evolution in
the genome." The study appears in the early online edition
of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
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NASA unveils lunar concept vehicle
The U.S. space agency unveiled its latest lunar concept vehicle
that has six-wheel drive, but no doors, windows or seats -- and
only comes in the color gold. Built at NASA's Johnson Space
Center in Houston, the vehicle provides an idea of what the
transportation possibilities might be when astronauts start
exploring the moon by 2020. Other than a few basic requirements,
the primary instruction given to the designers was to throw
away assumptions made on NASA's previous rovers and come up
with new ideas. The vehicle includes six wheels that can pivot
individually in any direction, researchers said. That feature,
called crab steering, is designed to allow astronauts to drive
into a lunar crater sideways if the crater's slope is too great.
The vehicle is designed to have the driver stand at the steering
mechanism, since sitting in a spacesuit is not comfortable or
practical, NASA said. The astronaut's perch -- steering
mechanism, driver and all -- can pivot 360 degrees. Images of
rover technology in development are available at
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/constellation/main/lunar_truck.html
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NASA views possible lunar landing site
The U.S. space agency has obtained the highest-resolution
terrain mapping to date of a possible landing site at the
moon's south polar region. The National Aeronautics and Space
Administration said the new images, containing a resolution
to about 66 feet per pixel, were obtained using the Goldstone
Solar System Radar located in California's Mojave Desert.
NASA said the imagery has been incorporated into animation
depicting the descent to the lunar surface of a future human
lunar lander and a flyover of Shackleton Crater. The data
indicates Shackleton Crater is much more rugged than previously
understood, NASA said, noting the crater's rim area is
considered a candidate landing site for a future human mission
to the moon. Doug Cooke, deputy associate administrator for
NASA's exploration systems mission directorate, said the
imagery shows the lunar south pole has peaks as high as Mount
McKinley and crater floors four times deeper than the Grand
Canyon. Cooke said there are challenges that come with such
rugged terrain, and the data will be an invaluable tool for
advance planning of lunar missions. Animation, lunar maps and
images are available at
http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/exploration/mmb/022708.html
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