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Genetic link to schizophrenia discovered | |
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HEALTH TIPS - Thursday, February 22, 2007
"News That Keeps You Healthy"
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Brain's role in menopause to be studied
AUSTIN, Texas, -- The U.S. National Institute on Aging is
funding a five-year, $1.4 million research project to study
how the brain might control the timing of menopause.
University of Texas at Austin College of Pharmacy research-
er Andrea Gore will attempt to gain a deeper understanding
of the brain's role in reproductive failure that might lead
to the creation of new therapies. "For too many years, the
focus in menopause research has primarily been on the
ovaries," Gore said. "Although there is no question that
the ovaries are key to the menopausal process, it was puz-
zling that there was little interest in whether the brain
may also have a role. "After all," she added, "the brain
drives reproductive function during the rest of the life
cycle, including puberty and adulthood, and the brain is a
target organ for the major ovarian hormone, estrogen." She
noted many menopausal complaints -- hot flashes, depression
and memory issues -- that prompt women to seek treatment
are neurological in origin. Gore said her research will
have clinical implications for postmenopausal hormone
replacement therapy and for identifying non-hormonal
approaches to treating menopausal symptoms. There also
are clinical implications for potentially expanding the
reproductive lifespan.
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Genetic link to schizophrenia discovered
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., -- A joint U.S.-Japanese study suggests
gene mutations governing a key brain enzyme make people
susceptible to schizophrenia. The research by scientists
from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Japan's
Riken Brain Science Institute might lead to new treatments
for the psychiatric illness that afflicts an estimated 51
million people worldwide. By studying genetically engineer-
ed mice and the genetic makeup of schizophrenic individuals,
the MIT and Japanese scientists say they pinpointed the
PPP3CC gene and other genes in the early growth response
gene family (specifically, EGR3) as likely suspects for
causing the disease. Those genes are critical in the sig-
naling pathway for the brain enzyme calcineurin, which is
prevalent in the central nervous system and plays a role
in many neuronal functions whose disturbances would result
in the disorganized thinking, attention deficits, memory
and language problems that characterize schizophrenia. The
researchers confirmed the PPP3CC gene is involved in
diagnosed schizophrenia in Caucasian, African-American and
Japanese individuals. EGR3 involvement was confirmed
through a separate test. The study is reported in the
early online edition of the Proceedings of the National
Academy of Sciences.
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Lung cancer drug also fights brain cancers
DURHAM, N.C., -- U.S. scientists say a relatively new type
of drug that shrinks cancerous tumors by cutting off their
blood supply can slow the growth of brain cancer. Duke
University Medical Center researchers say their findings
marks the first time the drug Avastin has been tested
against the most common and deadly form of brain cancer.
The drug, whose chemical name is bevacizumab, is used to
treat lung and colorectal cancers. The researchers tested
the effectiveness of Avastin in conjunction with a standard
chemotherapy agent in patients with recurrent cancerous
brain tumors called gliomas. They found the two drugs
together halted tumor growth up to twice as long as compar-
ative therapies. Although gliomas remain incurable in near-
ly all cases, the combined drug therapy might extend life
and preserve physical and mental function longer for
patients suffering from the deadly cancer, the researchers
said. "These results are exciting because of the possible
implications for a patient population that currently has
the poorest possible prognosis going into treatment --
those with malignant brain tumors that have recurred after
initial treatment," said Dr. James Vredenburgh, lead
researcher in the study. The findings appear in the
journal Clinical Cancer Research.
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